The Opportunities and Threats of Turning Airports into Hubs

This paper examines the opportunities and threats which arise when turning origin/destination airports into hubs. The analysis focuses on market development trends, competitive structures, especially in the light of airline network strategies and the growing rivalry between airports, and finally the potential financial impacts for the airport, including both investment efforts and the financial results from hub operations. We argue that in most cases a decision against converting a traditional origin/destination airport into a major transfer point is preferable to the transformation into a hub

Entanglement evolution in finite dimensions

We provide a relation which describes how the entanglement of two d-level systems evolves as either system undergoes an arbitrary physical process. The dynamics of the entanglement turns out to be of a simple form, and is fully captured by a single quantity.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure; new title and introduction, added references, some makeup; published versio

Haute cuisine three-star restaurants' representation on websites and dining guides: a lexicometric analysis

Purpose This study aims to explore how haute cuisine excellence is and can be self-represented on the websites of three-star restaurants and juxtaposed onto the websites of external authoritative food guides. Design/methodology/approach In total, 26 French Michelin three-star restaurant websites and their reviews in the prominent Michelin and Gault and Millau dining guides were examined. This data was then processed using lexicometric software. Findings Five semantic universes emerged, showing that restaurants and dining guides do not emphasize the same elements of culinary excellence. While restaurant websites emphasize the charismatic leadership role of the chef through family history, professional recognition and vicarious learning, the two iconic guides are far from rating the criteria they claim to: For the Michelin Guide, criteria other than cuisine appear central. Conversely, Gault and Millau, far from its nouvelle cuisine principles advocating democratization at lower cost, insists on fine products. Practical implications It remains essential for restaurants to use a repertoire of cultural components and symbols, capitalize on the charismatic and architectural roles of their chef and showcase fine products that are representative of classical cuisine. Storytelling and dynamic narrative add-ons, regularly updated on large-audience social media, appear central to increasing restaurants' perceived value, communicating innovation and attesting to their singularity and uniqueness. Originality/value To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first empirical study to overlap the lexical perspectives of three-star restaurants and iconic guides' websites

How Voice Can Change Customer Satisfaction: A Comparative Analysis between E-Commerce and Voice Commerce

Voice commerce is a newly evolving e-commerce channel where consumers communicate with dedicated systems on smart speakers or other devices using their voice, in order to find products. This paper comparatively investigates factors for customers’ satisfaction in voice commerce and ecommerce. Being the first study to scientifically analyze customer satisfaction factors in voice commerce and compare them with e-commerce, we conducted a survey with 178 consumers and used structural equation modeling for statistical hypotheses testing. The results show, that consumers have higher expectations in convenience for voice commerce than they have for ecommerce. Transaction process efficiency significantly influences satisfaction in voice commerce, but not in e-commerce. This research provides implications for future research on voice commerce strategy and system design

Many-body entanglement: Permutations and equivalence classes

With an easily applicable criterion based on permutation symmetries of (identically prepared) replicas of quantum states we identify distinct entanglement classes in high-dimensional multi- partite systems. The different symmetry properties of inequivalent states provide a rather intuitive picture of the otherwise very abstract classification of many-body entangled states.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur

Growth kinetics of the group-III-nitrides at large lattice mismatches

Aufgrund seiner (opto-)elektronischen Eigenschaften und besonders durch die stets direkte aber mit der Komposition der ternären Verbindungen einstellbare Bandlücke, erfährt das System der Gruppe-III-Nitride extrem großes Interesse. Die speziellen Eigenschaften von Indium sowie die großen Unterschiede der Gitterkonstanten der binären Verbindungen verursachen nach wie vor große Probleme hinsichtlich der strukturellen Eigenschaften, wenn in hohem Maße Indium Teil der Verbindung ist. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Methode für das Wachstum von InN mittels plasmagestützter Molekularstrahlepitaxie auf (0001)-GaN Templates vorgestellt, mit der außerordentlich glatte und mehrere Quadratmikrometer große InN-Inseln realisiert werden können. Diese als Doppelpuls-Verfahren betitelte Methode beruht auf dem Alternieren der Quellflüsse in kurzen Pulsen. Es werden einige Probenserien und deren Charakterisierung vorgestellt, mit deren Hilfe aufgezeigt wird, welchen Einfluss die Gesamtperiodenzahl, die Substrattemperatur, das V/III-Verhältnis sowie das Substratmaterial auf die Evolution und Gestalt der InN-Inseln haben. Die Proben wurden hauptsächlich mittels Rasterkraftmikroskopie (AFM), Reflexionselektronenbeugung (RHEED) und hochauflösende Röntgendiffraktometrie (HRXRD) charakterisiert. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen wird ein Wachstumsmodell beschrieben. Dieses Modell beschreibt das Zusammenspiel von In-Effusion aus der Knudsenzelle, Diffusion der Atome auf der Oberfläche, Dekomposition von InN sowie die Desorption von In und Stickstoff. Unterstützt wird das Modell durch eine Monte-Carlo-Simulation bei der besagte Prozesse simuliert werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Simulation zeigen eine zufriedenstellende Übereinstimmung mit den experimentellen Befunden. Die Beigabe eines geringen Ga-Flusses bewirkt mit dem an der Oberfläche befindlichen Indium einen Surfaktant-Effekt mit dessen Hilfe nahezu geschlossene und außerordentlich Glatte InN-Schichten realisiert werden können. Ein Teil der Arbeit befasst sich darüber hinaus mit dem Wachstum von GaInN. Mit Hilfe des konventionellen Wachstums können In-Gehalte von bis zu 30% realisiert werden. Weit höhere I ndiumgehalte sind mit Hilfe des Doppelpuls-Verfahrens möglich. Demonstriert werden Proben die einen Indiumgehalt von bis zu 85% aufweisen.Due to the outstanding (opto-)electronical properties of the group-III-nitrides and especially due to the tunable bandgap of the ternary alloys this material system is attracting much interest. However, because of the special properties of indium and the large lattice mismatch between the binary III-nitrides, high indium content material is still affected by high defect densities and poor structural quality. In this thesis a method for the growth of InN on (0001)-GaN templates using plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy is presented. Using this so called double-pulsed growth mode, which is based on alternating fluxes using short and consecutive source pulses, extraordinary flat and huge InN islands can be obtained. By investigating a couple of different sample series the growth kinetics of the islands are investigated. In addition to the variation of the cycle numbers to investigate the evolution of the islands the influence of the substrate temperature, the V/III ratio and different substrate materials are studied. Those investigations were primarily done by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD). Based on this investigations a growth model is presented, which describes the interaction between In-effusion from the crucible, diffusion of the surface atoms, decomposition of InN and desorption of indium and nitrogen. The model is supported by a Monte Carlo simulation where the aforesaid processes are simulated. The results of this simulation are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. It is shown that by adding a little amount of gallium to the double-pulsed growth of InN a progressed coalescence can be observed. Through optimization of the temperature and flux rates this surfactant effect leads to almost fully coalesced surfaces. Furthermore, the growth of GaInN is investigated. Conventionally grown GaInN exhibits an indium incorporation limit of about 30%. By applying the double-pulsed growth to the GaInN material system much higher indium contents are possible. Samples with up to 85% indium are presented